Mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems designed with the building rather than bolted onto it afterwards — so risers, plant and routing are planned into the architecture instead of chased through it.

The tell of late MEP is visible in any building: dropped ceilings that were not in the design, boxed-in pipes in the corner of a nice room, a plant room carved out of a cupboard. All of it is avoidable, and all of it is decided early.